Testaro: Efficient Ensemble Testing for Web Accessibility

As automated web accessibility testing tools become enriched with new and improved tests, it can be impractical to leverage those advances. Each tool offers unique benefits, but effectively using multiple tools would require integrating them into a uniform testing and reporting scheme. Such integration is complex, because tools vary in what they try to detect, what they actually detect, and how they classify, describe, and report defects. Consequently, testers typically use only one tool. Testaro is a novel open-source NPM package that checks compliance with about 650 rules defined by an ensemble of 8 tools: alfa, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE. Attendees at the demonstration will, within 5 minutes, create jobs for Testaro, run them, and generate unified reports documenting more accessibility issues than any single tool can discover.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables. To be published in Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '23), October 22-25, 2023, New York, NY, US

Keynote Address

Most modern environmentalists during their formative years have had little actual contact with wildlife under natural conditions. Their wildlife philosophies have been developed via the mass media and from experiences with animals as pets or confined in zoos. In general, modern environmentalists are sincere, dedicated, idealistic and enthusiastic, but they often lack realism and are blessed with the innocence of naivete. The majority of people in the United States now exhibit strong affection for wild animals and are deeply concerned over any actions perceived as causing pain to individual animals. These attitudes towards wild animals will impact on future wildlife damage control programs. In order to preserve scientifically sound wildlife damage control programs, efforts must be increased in non-lethal control methodology. Also, solid unbiased evaluations of wildlife damage control programs must be conducted and the results of those evaluations disseminated to the general public

Differential trends in the compression of mortality: Assessing the antecedents to current gaps in health expectancy in New Zealand

Health Expectancies (HEs) for New Zealand show significant differentials between Maori and non-Maori, but also by gender and period. These differentials correlate with findings from both generation and synthetic life-tables relating to New Zealand’s epidemiologic transition. At the beginning of that transition quartile 1 (Q(1)), and Median (Med) d(x) values were close and centred at young ages; during the transition the gap became very wide; at the transition’s end the gap again narrowed. Cohort and synthetic trends in d(x), l(x), M, Qs and Meds are reviewed and linked to recent HEs. Data point to epidemic polarisation. Cohort analysis allows the evaluation of the role of past experiences on the recent HEs, and thus point to possible strategies for reducing gaps in both d(x), and HEs

Sexual discourse in the context of AIDS: dominant themes on adolescent sexuality among primary school pupils in Magu district, Tanzania

School pupils in Tanzania have been identified as a risk group for HIV/AIDS, so a large part of TANESA’S anthropological research is aimed at charting and understanding forms of sexual risk behaviour among adolescents with a view to influencing change. This study presents the dominant themes of sexual discourse among adolescent primary school pupils in Magu district along the south-eastern shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania. The themes are: love and sex; sexual desire; money and rewards; and deception. The fear of pregnancy also emerges as a dominant theme. Because of the nature and extent of their sexual relationships, school pupils will be increasingly exposed to the risk of HIV and STD infection. This is exacerbated by the lack of condom availability and the proscribed nature of sex (and therefore condom use) among primary school pupils

Critically engaging: integrating the social and the biomedical in international microbicides research

Randomized controlled trials and critical social theory are known not to be happy bedfellows. Such trials are embedded in a positivist view of the world, seeking definitive answers to testable questions; critical social theory questions the methods by which we deem the world knowable and may consider experiments in the biomedical sciences as social artifacts. Yet both of these epistemologically and methodologically divergent fields offer potentially important advances in HIV research. In this paper, we describe collaboration between social and biomedical researchers on a large, publicly funded programme to develop vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention. In terms of critical engagement, having integrated and qualitative social science components in the protocol meant potentially nesting alternative epistemologies at the heart of the randomized controlled trial. The social science research highlighted the fallibility and fragility of trial data by demonstrating inconsistencies in key behavioural measurements. It also foregrounded the disjuncture between biomedical conceptions of microbicides and the meanings and uses of the study gel in the context of users’ everyday lives. These findings were communicated to the clinical and epidemiological members of the team on an ongoing basis via a feedback loop, through which new issues of concern could also be debated and, in theory, data collection adjusted to the changing needs of the programme. Although critical findings were taken on board by the trialists, a hierarchy of evidence nonetheless remained that limited the utility of some social science findings. This was in spite of mutual respect between clinical epidemiologists and social scientists, equal representation in management and coordination bodies, and equity in funding for the different disciplines. We discuss the positive role that social science integrated into an HIV prevention trial can play, but nonetheless highlight tensions that remain where a hierarchy of epistemologies exists alongside competing paradigms and priorities

The price of promiscuity: why urban males in Tanzania are changing their sexual behaviour

This article presents evidence of a substantial change in sexual behaviour among urban factory workers during the last four years; it discusses the nature of this change and the reasons for it. Fear of AIDS was the main motivating factor, followed by economic hardship: because AIDS is incurable and because sexual relationships have a substantial transactional component, workers see themselves as paying the price of promiscuity with their lives as well as their dwindling financial resources. Respondents preferred partner reduction, and in particular sticking to one partner, to condom use. Condoms were not popular, mainly because of fears that they were impregnated with HIV and because of their association with promiscuous behaviour

Raising African American student graduation rates:A best practices study of predominantly white liberals arts college.

This qualitative study sought to explore best practices at small, private liberal arts institutions that experienced large increases in African American graduation rates. Particular focus was on institutions that enrolled less than 17% minority students whose overall enrollment fell within the middle 50% of all SAT scores and the middle 50% of institutional full time equivalent (FTE) spending. Two colleges were selected for study via one-on-one interviews of key personnel, focus groups of students, and institutional document analyses. Themes from the data which participants felt contributed to the unusually large African American graduation rate increases are discussed.Robert W. PoolPowers, JoshuaHinton, Kandace GTillery, CarmenDoctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Educational Leadership, Administration, and FoundationsCunningham Memorial library, Terre Haute,Indiana State UniversityILL-ETD-093DoctoralTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages: contains 217 p.: ill. Includes abstract and appendi

Provider-Initiated HIV Testing for Migrants in Spain: A Qualitative Study with Health Care Workers and Foreign-Born Sexual Minorities

INTRODUCTION: Provider-initiated HIV testing (PITC) is increasingly adopted in Europe. The success of the approach at identifying new HIV cases relies on its effectiveness at testing individuals most at risk. However, its suitability to reach populations facing overlapping vulnerabilities is under researched. This qualitative study examined HIV testing experiences and perceptions amongst Latin-American migrant men who have sex with men and transgender females in Spain, as well as health professionals' experiences offering HIV tests to migrants in Barcelona and Madrid. METHODS: We conducted 32 in-depth interviews and 8 discussion groups with 38 Latin-American migrants and 21 health professionals. We imported verbatim transcripts and detailed field work notes into the qualitative software package Nvivo-10 and applied to all data a coding framework to examine systematically different HIV testing dimensions and modalities. The dimensions analysed were based on the World Health Organization "5 Cs" principles: Consent, Counselling, Connection to treatment, Correctness of results and Confidentiality. RESULTS: Health professionals reported that PITC was conceptually acceptable for them, although their perceived inability to adequately communicate HIV+ results and resulting bottle necks in the flow of care were recurrent concerns. Endorsement and adherence to the principles underpinning the rights-based response to HIV varied widely across health settings. The offer of an HIV test during routine consultations was generally appreciated by users as a way of avoiding the embarrassment of asking for it. Several participants deemed compulsory testing as acceptable on public health grounds. In spite of-and sometimes because of-partial endorsement of rights-based approaches, PITC was acceptable in a population with high levels of internalised stigma. CONCLUSION: PITC is a promising approach to reach sexual minority migrants who hold high levels of internalised stigma but explicit extra efforts are needed to safeguard the rights of the most vulnerable

Senior Recital: Mike Ishmael, trombone

This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Music Education. Mr. Ishmael is a student of Richard Brady.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1613/thumbnail.jp